Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python Explain the basics of OOP: classes, objects, methods, and attributes.

 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" to represent data and methods to manipulate that data. Here’s a breakdown of the core concepts:

1. Classes

  • Definition: A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines a set of attributes and methods that the created objects will have. 
Example:

class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
   
    def display_info(self):
        return f"{self.make} {self.model}"

my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla")
print(my_car.display_info())  

# Output: Toyota Corolla

2. Objects

  • Definition: An object is an instance of a class. It contains actual data and can use the methods defined in its class.
  • Example:
my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
Here, my_dog is an object of the Dog class with the name "Buddy" and breed "Golden Retriever".


3. Attributes

  • Definition: Attributes are variables that belong to a class or an object. They hold data related to the object.
  • Example:
print(my_dog.name)
 
# Output: Buddy

The attribute name holds the value "Buddy" for the my_dog object.

4. Methods

  • Definition: Methods are functions defined within a class that describe the behaviors of the objects created from the class. They can manipulate the object's attributes.
  • Example:
class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        self.name = name
        self.breed = breed
   
    def bark(self):
        return f"{self.name} says Woof!"

my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
print(my_dog.bark())

 # Output: Buddy says Woof!

In this example, bark is a method that allows the my_dog object to perform an action.

  • Summary

    • Classes are blueprints for creating objects.
    • Objects are instances of classes that hold specific data.
    • Attributes are the data stored in an object.
    • Methods are functions that define behaviors for the object.


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